Intel Core i9 9980HK's Advantages
Lower TDP (45W vs 65W)
Intel Core i5 12500's Advantages
Released 2 years and 9 months late
Better graphics card performance
Higher specification of memory (DDR5-4800 vs DDR4-2666)
Larger memory bandwidth (76.8GB/s vs 41.8GB/s)
Newer PCIe version (5.0 vs 3.0)
Higher base frequency (3.0GHz vs 2.4GHz)
Larger L3 cache size (18MB vs 16MB)
More modern manufacturing process (10nm vs 14nm)