Japanese semiconductor company Rapidus is making significant strides in developing its 2nm process. Recently, the company disclosed logic density data for its node, code-named "2HP," showing a density of 237.31 MTr/mm². This level of performance is nearly comparable to TSMC's N2. This advancement is particularly noteworthy given that Rapidus has quickly evolved from a follower to a potential contender in the semiconductor industry. Historically, the global market for advanced logic foundries has been dominated by TSMC, Samsung, and Intel, with Japan notably absent. Rapidus's rise marks Japan's determined effort to re-enter the leading edge of semiconductor manufacturing.

Rapidus has opted to benchmark itself directly against TSMC, employing a High Density (HD) cell library with a 138-cell height and a G45 pitch. This strategic choice underlines their focus on maximizing logic density and indicates their ambitions in next-generation semiconductor fabrication. In contrast, Intel’s 18A node exhibits a logic density of 184.21 MTr/mm², showing a clear gap. This discrepancy partly arises from Intel's adoption of a backside power supply network (BSPDN) at the 18A node, which, while enhancing power efficiency, limits the area available for the front-end metal layer, reducing logic density. Unlike Rapidus and TSMC, Intel prioritizes balancing performance and energy efficiency over achieving maximum density at this level.

Rapidus is also adopting a unique production strategy. Rather than immediately pursuing mass production, the company plans to incrementally boost yields and performance through a single wafer front-end process. While initially production will be limited, this approach allows for flexibility and optimization during research and development, potentially minimizing risks. According to their timeline, Rapidus aims to deliver the 2nm process's Process Design Kit (PDK) to clients in early 2026. This will be crucial for potential customers to validate their designs and begin implementation. If successful, the process could enter stable mass production by 2027.

Rapidus's journey is fortified by substantial support from the Japanese government, which seeks to revitalize the local semiconductor industry and reduce dependency on foreign technologies. This initiative aligns with national strategies, offering extensive backing in funding, policies, and talent acquisition. Furthermore, Rapidus has forged partnerships with several international companies, including NVIDIA, indicating not only recognition of its technological capabilities but trust at the commercial level. Adding a Japanese player to the mix could help global tech companies diversify their supply chain risks.

As TSMC plans to start mass production of its 2nm process by late 2025 and Samsung pushes forward aggressively, Rapidus strives to complete its process innovations concurrently. The company may surpass its competitors through this novel approach. While Rapidus has narrowed the gap in terms of logic density on paper, the real test will be achieving large-scale production and maintaining a stable supply long-term. Failures in increasing yields could undermine Rapidus's competitiveness, but successful fulfillment of promises could re-establish Japan's presence in the global supply chain.

Globally, the race for the 2nm process isn't just about technological advancement; it's a matter of national strategy. TSMC, Samsung, and Intel are technological beacons for Taiwan, South Korea, and the U.S., respectively. With Rapidus entering the fray, Japan once more asserts itself within advanced process territories. Although logic density is a foundational milestone, Rapidus must navigate ecosystem establishment, EDA tool support, IP library adaptations, and client onboarding – all requiring robust R&D, industry collaboration, and capital investment to succeed.

Rapidus's 2HP node, achieving logic densities comparable to TSMC's N2, signifies a landmark moment for Japan's renewed endeavor in advanced logic processes. The upcoming two years will be critical, as delivering on the PDK by 2026 and entering volume production by 2027 could not only reshape the semiconductor landscape but also reinstate Japan's strategic footing in the global industry. In an era increasingly dependent on advanced processes, Rapidus's developments will be key drivers to watch in the semiconductor sector.